Exploring Polish students' perceptions of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic and its correlation with student loyalty

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for universities, their leadership, faculty, and students globally, necessitating rapid adaptation to an unprecedented situation. This paper examines how students evaluate the organization and execution of online classes at three types of Polish higher education institutions: economics universities, management faculties at universities and management faculties within technical universities. The study employed the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) method, with a sample of 2,832 participants. The results of our study suggest that the most positively rated aspects included access to online consultations, the availability of course materials, and the supportive attitudes of instructors. Conversely, the lowest-rated aspects were the involvement of business practitioners in online classes, knowledge assimilation during remote learning, and the offering of open lectures. An analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among the surveyed student groups. Furthermore, the likelihood of students recommending their institutions to peers was assessed. The results showed a prevalence of promoters over detractors in the overall sample, with economics universities displaying a positive Net Promoter Score (NPS). 

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