Intellectual capital efficiency of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

The goal of the research undertaken in the article is to evaluate the efficiency of the intellectual capital of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Various research methods have been applied in the article. In the theoretical layer, a critical analysis of the literature was conducted. In the empirical layer, the desk research method, the descriptive statistics method and the VAIC™ method was applied. The time range covered the period of 2014–2020. The study showed that the analyzed companies differ in terms of intellectual capital efficiency. Despite the difference in the level of intellectual capital efficiency, all banks exhibit a very similar model structure. Human capital efficiency makes up the greatest share of the VAIC™ coefficient. The study also showed that the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™) in the majority of the analyzed companies grows slightly or remains at a rather uniform level throughout the years 2014–2019. A substantial drop in VAIC™ value occurs in 2020, due to the effect of events on global financial markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article fills a research gap in the area of intellectual capital, concerning the study of its efficiency. This aspect remains insufficiently represented in research concerning banks, in which intellectual capital is becoming a critical success factor. The issues discussed in the article are of significant importance in the context of the structure of the Polish banking services market. The effective use of intellectual capital enables banks to achieve and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage, and thus shape their market share. Furthermore, this paper is a starting point for further research with the subject of evaluating the influence of intellectual capital efficiency on the financial and market results of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

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