One of the devices used on a daily basis by almost every consumer is the smartphone. Over the past several years, it has undergone significant functional evolution, gaining increasing importance in everyday life. For many consumers, it has become an indispensable element, the absence of which would hinder the performance of daily activities. In a sense, it functions as an “organizer” and “assistant”, enabling contact with relatives, the completion of professional duties, the use of applications that facilitate administrative tasks, online shopping, or leisure activities. With constant access to a mobile network or Wi-Fi, it also serves as a source of information, offering a wide range of possibilities. However, attitudes toward the smartphone, the ways it is used, and the level of proficiency in its operation differ depending on the consumer’s age. The aim of this article is to identify differences in smartphone use between younger and older consumers. The paper addresses issues related to usage patterns, dependence on this device, and the proficiency with which it is handled. The discussion is based on national and international literature as well as on the author’s own research. The conducted study highlights the experiences of both younger and older consumers in the context of smartphone use, which made it possible to capture generational differences in the perception and utilization of this device.

Knowledge is an essential element in the purchasing decision-making process. It enables consumers to make conscious and appropriate choices for themselves and to identify product features. The greater the consumer's knowledge, the easier the decision-making process becomes, which, in the case of coffee and yerba mate, may be challenging due to their numerous properties. Generation Z is often described as conscious consumers characterized by openness and willingness to try new products. The aim of this scientific analysis is to determine to what extent young consumers utilize their knowledge about these two food products in their decision-making process. This article has a theoretical-empirical character. The considerations are based on methods of logical inference, a critical review of the literature, and original research conducted using an online survey technique with a self-designed questionnaire. The results of the analyses allowed the research objective to be achieved and provided recommendations for coffee and yerba mate producers and marketers related to disseminating information about the health benefits of these beverages.

Technological progress or widespread access to the Internet have contributed to the fact that consumers are making more and more purchases online. This phenomenon has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, it seems that there is still a long-held opinion that senior consumers simply do not find their place in the virtual space. It can also be assumed that seniors make decisions much more carefully about purchasing goods online, unlike young consumers, because they have concerns, for example about the safety of such purchases. Even though Polish society is aging and life expectancy is constantly increasing, more and more seniors are considered modern consumers and therefore benefit from various innovations. The aim of the article is to present what elements of perceived risk are noticed by seniors when purchasing various goods in e-shops, which of the concerns presented refer to the older segment of consumers rather than to younger groups, as well as to identify important elements to which seniors pay attention when purchasing goods online. The considerations in this study are based on secondary sources, databases of the Central Statistical Office, and logical inference methods were used. The presented conclusions may be useful for commercial enterprises selling various goods online, because they will be able to eliminate seniors' fears of buying goods online by introducing specific actions. These conclusions may also constitute an impetus for research on the purchasing behaviour of senior consumers on the Internet.

The aim of the article is to identify consumer behavior on the clothing market in the context of the dynamic development of multichannel and omnichannel sales and to present the structure of this market and technological innovations occurring on it, which can support the purchasing process of clothing buyers and even create virtual reality. The initiation of multichannel sales in the clothing market has opened up new ways for buyers to make purchases and has given enterprises the possibility of transforming and improving the existing sales strategies. The time of the COVID-19 pandemic is also significant, because it has made shopping for clothes take on a different dimension. Clothing buyers are increasingly using omnichannel sales in the clothing market. Consumers also pay attention to the safety of shopping, as well as time and location convenience. The considerations were carried out using the methods of logical reasoning, critical analysis of the literature, databases of the Central Statistical Office, websites, industry reports and reports of research agencies that monitor changes in distribution and retail sales on the clothing market. The conclusions that have been presented can be used as a recommendation to take effective action by trading enterprises and initiate further considerations regarding consumer behavior on the clothing market, multi-channel sales, or the clothing market itself, its structure and modern technological solutions.