The aim of the paper is to discuss the ability of large scale retail chains operating in the Polish market to incorporate in their marketing strategies responses to global civilizational, technological, consumer or energy challenges. According to the author, top management of retail chains are able to skillfully adapt their strategies to new civilizational and technological challenges. In doing so, they are becoming leaders of new trends that determine consumer behaviour patterns with regard to healthy diet. As socially responsible entities, foreign large scale retail chains can also play a major role in environmental education of Polish consumers and in promoting energy efficiency because of the scale of their operations in the Polish market and their market reach. Their strategies can also make a positive contribution to deglobalisation by initiating cooperation with local producers of traditional products, however, the process will require a change in the previous business philosophy. This article relies on the findings of the author's qualitative research conducted in 2021 and 2022 using in-depth expert interviews with managers of leading FMCG chains and in-depth interviews with metropolitan households who shop at large retail chains. 

The aim of this paper is to provide an evidence-based picture — based on the results of qualitative research conducted in 2021 by means of in-depth interviews — of the decision making process of international students when choosing Polish public universities as a place where they want to study. The research focused on International Marketing course taught in English at the Department of International Marketing and Retailing at the University of Łódź. It covered mainly students from the former USSR countries, with an emphasis on Ukrainian students. The subject of the analysis was the factors behind the choice of a foreign university, including the role played by external recruitment agencies and the staff of the University of Łódź International Relations Office. A clear dominance was observed of the word-of-mouth marketing in making such decisions.