Best prices Special offers for members of the PWE book club The cheapest delivery
Mgr inż. Daniel K. Węgrzynek

MSc, a graduate of the Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology, where he completed an integrated master's program and obtained both his engineering and master's degrees. He is an entrepreneur and the founder and CEO of Green City Logistics. His research and professional interests focus on sustainable urban logistics, including fleet electrification and the digitisation of transport and delivery processes. He is the author and co-author of several projects related to transport and last-mile logistics, implemented for leading retail chains and logistics service providers.

 
DOI: 10.33226/1231-2037.2025.1.5
JEL: M21, Q01, Q50, Q53, Q55, R40, R41

This study aimed to evaluate the operational efficiency of a hybrid distribution model in last-mile logistics, which combines the use of combustion and electric vehicles. Analysis conducted on the retailer's actual data revealed that route optimization resulted in a 32% reduction in empty runs, an 18% decrease in average delivery time, and a 283.87 km reduction in daily travel distance. Additionally, the use of flexible time windows (–15 min, +30 min) improved route synchronization and increased fleet utilization efficiency. The study confirmed that the implementation of electric vehicles, despite their range and charging time limitations, allows for achieving high operational efficiency in last-mile logistics, especially in areas with high order density. The results yield new insights into the optimization of urban logistics systems and the impact of collaboration between retailers and technology providers on enhancing delivery efficiency, as illustrated by the example of grocery deliveries.

Keywords: last-mile logistics; e-commerce; sustainability; cold chain; electric vehicles