External non-repayable and unpaid sources of start-up funding in the Polish ecosystem

The aim of the article is to indicate in an organised and condensed way the non-repayable and unpaid sources of start-up funding in the Polish ecosystem, as well as the analysis of their accessibility. The research material has been based on data and information included in the publications and reports provided by the institutions supporting the development of start-ups and innovations (e.g. NCBR, PARP, PFR, Startup Poland), the Internet websites of public support systems (containing the competition regulations and documentation) together with numerous websites of private entities (containing program regulations and documentation). The analysis has been formed in respect of non-returnable forms of support, subjective and objective scope, along with the amount of funding. As a result the shortcomings of the non-repayable start-up funding system in Poland have been exposed.

Bibliografia/References

Allgaier, J. (2018). Silicon Valley. W: D. L. Marskin (Ed.), The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications Inc. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330738334_Silicon_Valley (15.05.2021)

Baron, T. i Freiling, J. (2019). Blueprint Silicon Valley? Explaining Idiosyncrasy of Startup Ecosystems. Problemy Zarzadzania, (1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.81.3

Blank, S. i Dorf, B. (2013). Podręcznik startupu. Budowa wielkiej firmy krok po kroku. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Helion.

CB Insights (2021). The Top 12 Reasons Startups Fail. Research Briefs. CB Insights. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/startup-failure-reasons-top/ (04.08.2021).

Conti, A. (2018). Enterpreneurial Finance and the Effects of restrictions of Government R&B Subsidies. Organization Science, 29(1). 134–153. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1168

Grycuk, A. (2019). Wybrane narzędzia wspierania startupów w Polsce. Studia BAS, 2(58). https://doi.org/10.31268/StudiaBAS.2019.16

Hottenrott, H., Lins, E. i Lutz, E. (2017). Public subsidies and new ventures' use of bank loans. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2017.140820

Hottenrott, H. i Richstein, R. (2020). Start-up subsidies: Does the policy instrument matter? Research Policy, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.103888

Howell, S. T. (2017). Financing Innovation: Evidence from R&D Grants. American Economic Review, 107(4), 1136–1164. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150808

Koening, G. (2012). Business Ecosystems Revisited. M@n@gement, 15(2), 208–224.

Krakowski Park Technologiczny (2018). Współpraca startupów z dużymi firmami — historie prawdziwe. Kraków: Krakowski Park Technologiczny.https://www.kpt.krakow.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/kptscaleup_raport_podsumowanie_web.pdf (30.06.2021).

Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75–86.

PARP (2020). Startupy w Polsce. Raport 2019. Warszawa: PARP. https://www.parp.gov.pl/storage/publications/pdf/Startupy-w-Polsce---raport-2-019_200117 pdf (15.05.2021).

PFR (2020). Polish and CEE tech ecosystem outlook. PFR-Dealroom. https://pfr.pl/dam/jcr:0d64a858-2b4e-4dbd-b933-50591f82c638/Polish-and-CEE-tech-ecosystem-outlook-Final-2.pdf (30.04.2021).

PFR (2021). Granty na granty. https://pfr.pl/oferta/granty-na-eurogranty.html (30.06.2021).

PFR Ventures-Inovo (2021). Transakcje na polskim rynku VC w 2020. PFR Ventures-Inovo. https://pfrventures.pl/aktualnosci/transakcje-na-polskimrynku-vc-w-2020.html (15.05.2021).

Przybylak, K. i Świeboda, T. (2020). The ultimate map of Polish Funding Ecosystem. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fuU_nE3MpiKQGogetlsl4u8_7I0UB3-5gqSNqMgmVeo/edit#gid=1092864290 (20.06.2021).

Ries, E. (2017). Metoda Lean Startup. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Helion.

Sherman, A. J. (2005). Raising capital: get the money you need to grow your business. New York: AMACOM.

Skala, A. (2020). Współpraca startupów z nauką w Polsce — wyniki badań. Studia BAS, 1(61), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.31268/StudiaBAS. 2020.07

Startup Genome (2020). The Global Startup Ecosystem Report. GSER 2020. https://startupgenome.com/reports/gser2020 (30.04.2021)

StartupBlink (2021). Global Startup Ekosystem Index 2021. https://www.startupblink.com/startupecosystemreport.pdf (15.05.2021).

Startup Poland (2019). The Polish Tech Scene. 5 Years. Startup Poland. Warszawa. https://startuppoland.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Polish-Tech-Scene.5years. reduced_size.pdf (30.04.2021).

Tomaszewski, A. (2018). Koncepcja lean startup jako odpowiedź na wyzwania twórczej strategii. Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, (170), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2018.170.2

Zhao, B. i Ziedonis, R. (2020). State governments as financiers of technology startups: Evidence from Michigan's R&D loan program. Research Policy, 49(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103926.