Najlepsze ceny Specjalne oferty dla członków klubu książki PWE Najtańsza dostawa
DOI: 10.33226/1231-7853.2025.7.3
JEL: M31, M37
Anna Bianchi ORCID: 0000-0002-3909-3051 , e-mail: abianchi|wz.uw.edu.pl| |abianchi|wz.uw.edu.pl

Bringing marketing communications back to its roots – innovation through word of mouth

Powrót komunikacji marketingowej do jej korzeni – innowacja poprzez komunikację nieformalną

The expansive, rapid changes driven by digital technologies and consumer resistance to advertising result in the implementation of new strategies in marketing communications. Brand ambassador programs represent an important emerging trend in marketing practice, yet they remain underexplored in academic research. This study clarifies the differences between different WOM marketing practices and illustrates three case studies of brand ambassador programs in which ordinary individuals are encouraged to spread positive eWOM as examples of recombinant innovations. By showing their structure and effects, this research provides marketers with concrete guidelines on how to incorporate brand ambassador programs in innovative marketing communications.

Szeroko zakrojone i szybkie zmiany wywołane przez technologie cyfrowe oraz rosnąca niechęć konsumentów wobec reklamy prowadzą do wdrażania nowych strategii w komunikacji marketingowej. Programy ambasadorskie stanowią istotny, kształtujący się trend w praktyce marketingowej, wciąż niedostatecznie zbadany w literaturze akademickiej. Niniejszy artykuł wyjaśnia różnice pomiędzy różnymi formami marketingu szeptanego oraz przedstawia trzy studia przypadków programów ambasadorskich, w których zwykłe osoby są zachęcane do rozpowszechniania pozytywnej komunikacji nieformalnej w środowisku cyfrowym, jako przykłady innowacji rekombinacyjnych. Prezentując strukturę i efekty programów ambasadorskich, artykuł dostarcza marketerom konkretnych wskazówek dotyczących ich wdrażania w ramach innowacyjnej komunikacji marketingowej.

Pobierz artykul
Słowa kluczowe: word of mouth marketing; buzz marketing; electronic word of mouth; social media marketing; influencer marketing; online PR (marketing szeptany; marketing wirusowy; komunikacja nieformalna w środowisku cyfrowym; marketing w mediach społecznościowych; influencer marketing; online PR)

Bibliografia

References/Bibliografia

Aspire. (2025). The state of influencer marketing 2025. https://www.aspire.io/guides/the-state-of-influencer-marketing-2025

Babić Rosario, A., Sotgiu, F., De Valck, K., & Bijmolt, T. H. A. (2016). The effect of electronic word of mouth on sales: A meta-analytic review of platform, product, and metric factors. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(3), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0380

Bampo, M., Ewing, M. T., Mather, D. R., Stewart, D., & Wallace, M. (2008). The effects of the social structure of digital networks on viral marketing performance. Information Systems Research, 19(3), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0152

Barreto, A. M. (2014). The word-of-mouth phenomenon in the social media era. International Journal of Market Research, 56(5), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJMR-2014-043

Bianchi, A. (2021). Driving consumer engagement in social media: Influencing electronic word of mouth. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003125518

Davies, C., & Hobbs, M. (2020). Irresistible possibilities: Examining the uses and consequences of social media influencers for contemporary public relations. Public Relations Review, 46(5), 101983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101983

Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: Promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49(10), 1407–1424. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.393042

Dobele, A., Toleman, D., & Beverland, M. (2005). Controlled infection! Spreading the brand message through viral marketing. Business Horizons, 48(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.011

Eckler, P., & Bolls, P. (2011). Spreading the virus: Emotional tone of viral advertising and its effect on forwarding intentions and attitudes. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 11(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2011.10722180

Euromonitor International. (2020). Top 10 Global Consumer Trends 2020. https://www.euromonitor.com/top-10-global-consumer-trends-2020/report

Ferguson, R. (2008). Word of mouth and viral marketing: Taking the temperature of the hottest trends in marketing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(3), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760810870671

Fink, M., Koller, M., Gartner, J., Floh, A., & Harms, R. (2020). Effective entrepreneurial marketing on Facebook – a longitudinal study. Journal of Business Research, 113, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.005

Gesualdi, M. (2019). Revisiting the relationship between public relations and marketing: Encroachment and social media. Public Relations Review, 45(2), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.002

Groeger, L., & Buttle, F. (2014). Word-of-mouth marketing influence on offline and online communications: Evidence from case study research. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1-2), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.797736

Grzegorczyk, W. (2015). Studium przypadku jako metoda badawcza i dydaktyczna w naukach o zarządzaniu. In: W. Grzegorczyk (Ed.), Wybrane problemy zarządzania i finansów – studia przypadków (9–16). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.

Haenlein, M., & Libai, B. (2017). Seeding, referral, and recommendation. California Management Review, 59(2), 68–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617697943

HypeAuditor. (2025). State of influencer marketing 2025. https://hypeauditor.com/state-of-influencer-marketing-2025/

Influencer Marketing Hub. (2025). Influencer Marketing Benchmark Report 2025. https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark-report/

Kimmel, A. J., & Kitchen, P. J. (2014). WOM and social media: Presaging future directions for research and practice. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1–2), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.797730

Kotler, P. (2012). FAQs on marketing: Answers and advice by the guru of marketing. Marshall Cavendish Business.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Prentice Hall.

Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501

Mahajan, Y., & Gadekar, A. (2021). A Bibliometric analysis of buzz marketing: Research areas, concerns, and suggestions for advancement. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i2/157550

Niedzielska, A. (2016). Narzędzia marketingu rekomendacji w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym. Handel Wewnętrzny, 2(361), 345–354.

OECD/Eurostat. (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data, 3rd Edition. The measurement of scientific and technological activities. OECD Publishing.

OECD/Eurostat. (2018). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation, 4th Edition. The measurement of scientific, technological and innovation activities. OECD Publishing /Eurostat.

Petrescu, M., & Korgaonkar, P. (2011). Viral advertising: Definitional review and synthesis. Journal of Internet Commerce, 10(3), 208–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2011.596007

Petrescu, M., O’Leary, K., Goldring, D., & Ben Mrad, S. (2018). Incentivized reviews: Promising the moon for a few stars. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41(December 2016), 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.04.005

Plummer, J. T. (2007). Word of mouth – A new advertising discipline? Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 385–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/S0021849907070390

Rakuten Marketing. (2019). Influencer Marketing Global Survey. https://rakutenmarketing.com/en-uk/influencer-marketing-global-survey

Robledo, S., Duque, P., & Aguirre, A. M. G. (2023). Word of mouth marketing: A scientometric analysis. Journal of Scientometric Research, 11(3), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.5530/jscires.11.3.47

Schivinski, B., & Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(2), 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.871323

Schomer, A. (2021). Consumer attitudes toward digital advertising 2021. https://www.emarketer.com/content/consumer-attitudes-toward-digital-advertising-2021.

Silverman, G. (2005). Word of mouth: The oldest, newest marketing medium. In: A. J. Kimmel (Ed.), Marketing communication: new approaches, technologies, and styles (193–209). Oxford University Press.

Smith, B. G., & Gallicano, T. D. (2015). Terms of engagement: Analyzing public engagement with organizations through social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.060

Taylor, C. R., & Carlson, L. (2021). The future of advertising research: New directions and research needs. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 29(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2020.1860681

The Nielsen Company. (2015). Global Trust in Advertising Report.

Weitzman, M. L. (1998). Recombinant Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 331–360.

Wójcik, P. (2013). Znaczenie studium przypadku jako metody badawczej w naukach o zarządzaniu. E-Mentor, 1, 17–22.

WOMMA. (2014). The state of word of mouth marketing: A survey of marketers.

You, Y., Vadakkepatt, G. G., & Joshi, A. M. (2015). A Meta-Analysis of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Elasticity. Journal of Marketing, 79(2), 19–39. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1509/jm.14.0169

Cena artykułu
20.00
Cena numeru czasopisma
80.00