From transposition to inclusion: Energy sharing and distributive justice in Energy Communities. A comparative legal analysis of Czech and Hungarian frameworks

Od transpozycji do inkluzji: podział energii i sprawiedliwość dystrybucyjna w społecznościach energetycznych. Analiza prawnoporównawcza regulacji czeskich i węgierskich

This paper pursues a twofold objective: to examine whether the national regulatory frameworks of the Czech Republic and Hungary concerning energy sharing and Energy Communities (ECs) align with EU law, and to assess the extent to which they support distributive justice (DJ) principles, especially through ensuring the vulnerable consumers’ participation. On that basis, recommendations for amending the regulations on ECs and energy sharing in the Czech Republic and Hungary, with guidance transferable to other EU Member States are formulated. The thesis of the paper is that, despite the formal transposition of the EU framework on ECs and energy sharing, Czech and Hungarian legislation only partially realise distributive justice goals, thereby constraining equitable and meaningful vulnerable consumers’ participation. The authors conducted their research using dogmatic-legal and comparative methods. The study highlights regulatory gaps and recommends amendments.

 

Celem artykułu jest ocena, po pierwsze, zgodności czeskich i węgierskich ram regulacyjnych dotyczących podziału energii oraz społeczności energetycznych (SE) z prawem UE; po drugie, w jakim stopniu te ramy regulacyjne urzeczywistniają zasady sprawiedliwości dystrybutywnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zapewnienia udziału odbiorców wrażliwych. Na tej podstawie sformułowano propozycje zmian regulacyjnych dotyczących SE i podziału energii w Czechach i na Węgrzech, wraz z wytycznymi regulacyjnymi możliwymi do zastosowania w innych państwach członkowskich UE. W artykule sformułowano tezę, zgodnie z którą pomimo formalnej transpozycji unijnych regulacji dotyczących SE i podziału energii, ustawodawstwa czeskie i węgierskie jedynie częściowo realizują cele sprawiedliwości dystrybutywnej, co ogranicza równy i realny udział odbiorców wrażliwych. W badaniach wykorzystano metody dogmatycznoprawną oraz prawnoporównawczą. Zidentyfikowano luki regulacyjne i sformułowano rekomendacje zmian.

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