Scope and conditions of protection against discrimination in employment and occupation in the light of the judgments of the Court of Justice in Ligebehandlingsnavnet v HK/Danmark and HK/Privat (C 587/20) and in J.K. v TP S.A. (C-356/21)
In the judgements in Cases C-587/20 and C-356/21, the Court of Justice formulated the guiding thesis that the scope of the Directive 2000/78 was determined by its objective of eliminating all obstacles based on discriminatory grounds to access to a livelihood and the ability to contribute to society through work, whatever its form. These rulings bring two new elements to the existing concept of protection against discrimination in employment and occupation. The first is the extension of protection beyond the circle of employment and self-employment; the second is the recognition of the mainly personal work of the self-employed person, and not their dependence on a contractor, as a feature of the exercise of gainful activity necessary to bring them within the protection of Directive 2000/78. It seems reasonable to expect that the criterion of mainly personal work and the extension of protection beyond the boundaries of employment and self-employment relationships will apply to other EU equality acts that contain wording similar to the provisions of Directive 2000/78.
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