Material Economy and Logistics 02/2021

The article discusses the basic documents of changes in the European Union towards the circular economy. Organizations undertake symbiotic cooperation in line with the guidelines of economic transformation. It was indicated what benefits they obtain on this account. The role of reverse logistics in the transformation of the European economy is presented, which can be implemented through alternative channels that use the solution of a company that forces it to remodel its business strategy by modifying it to a changing market. The aim of the article is to present the opportunities offered to companies and consumers by new business models on the example of selected companies. The research problem concerns the analysis of changes made by selected companies and their impact on waste logistics.

E-commerce in Poland has been growing year by year, with significant increases in both volume and the number of shopping customers. Efficient service of products ordered online is starting to shape the competitiveness of many e-businesses, which adapt their offer in accordance with the expectations of buyers. For an increasing number of customers, logistics services are just as important as the purchased product. The aim of the article is to indicate the changing expectations of e-clients in relation to the logistics service provided in electronic commerce. The source basis of the study are available Polish and foreign literature sources, industry reports as well as empirical studies, carried out among 247 e-clients. The research was carried out using an online survey based on a questionnaire in the electronic version. The participants of the study were adults who make purchases in e-commerce. The selection of the sample was non-random, which means that the study carried out is not of a general nature. The considered considerations made it possible to assess the key factors that, in the opinion of buyers, shape the competitive position of e-entities. Appropriate recognition of the expectations of e-buyers thus becomes the superior role of enterprises wishing to offer the highest level of service.

The aim of the article is to present the results of analyses concerning the individual mobility of people with disabilities in terms of the development and implementation of automated vehicles. Issues that may affect the popularity of AV vehicles (autonomous vehicles) for this group of recipients in the future, were highlighted. The research results analysed concerned the level of knowledge about AV vehicles among people with disabilities, which translates into the willingness to use the service. The attentions was the possibility of sharing the trips and the proposed technical solutions that may facilitate the driving by this group of recipients. The analysis was carried out in relation to the current state of knowledge in the field. As part of the summary of the work, an synthesis of the conclusions from the analyses was made.

The objective of the article is to carry out a multidimensional comparative analysis of populations and human deaths in European countries in terms of economic security. The research applies tools of comparative analysis, first by grouping and unraveling the data and then by their charting and evaluation. The study covers 32 European countries focusing on populations and deaths of people in 2005–2018. The research question has been formulated as: "Will the application of multidimensional comparative analysis of populations and deaths of people in 32 European countries allow to detect any regularities occurring in the phenomenon?"

The article provides multidimensional comparative analyses of dependent variables (32 European countries, years) and explanatory variables (population and human deaths) in terms of the impact on economic security. The results of the studies carried out are repetitive relationships in mononomial intervals — years.

Detecting regularities persistent in populations and human deaths in 32 European countries using multidimensional comparative analyses may allow their predicting in the future. Death rates expressed in percentage points in populations of 32 European countries in 2005–2018 were calculated and enabled observation of similarities in the time series analyzed.

The article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the problematic phenomenon of failure to respect Art. 18 of the Traffic Law Act. In particular, attention was paid to the assessment of the impact of the behavior of other road users in the context of this provision on the delays of public buses. Apart from that research, the results of the research conducted among the drivers of the MZK Opole public transport buses were also presented. It was shown that the scale of the phenomenon is significant, which was confirmed by both road traffic studies and the opinion of bus drivers. On average, about 5% of the total travel time is the time the bus driver waits for the possibility of leaving the bus bay. It is wasted time and does not bring any added value to the service of passenger.