Material Economy and Logistics 4/2020

The article presents scenarios of machine operation and maintenance in the cyber-physical production systems in Industry 4.0. The inspiration for the publication is the growing popularity of the concept of Industry 4.0. The integration of different technologies: electronics, computer technology, industrial robotics, artificial intelligence etc., have contributed to the change in the ways of machine operation and maintenance (we say about machine we think about robots). Cyber-physical production systems are built with different units, objects, and they are the fundamental pillars of Industry 4.0, completely change the robots service. Traditional technology required continuous supervision, maintenance and operation of machines. Employees were required both during the start-up of the machines and during their operation. Cyber-physical production systems, unlike homogeneous systems, are systems with different elements (components) and characteristics, and the participation of the operators (employees) in these systems is kept to a minimum or completely eliminated. Intangible components of the production system, e.g. computer programmes, data processing and transmission, controls the operation of devices. The goal of this publication is to initiate a discussion about scenarios of changes in the technical exploitation of machines in cyber-physical production systems in Industry 4.0.

Technology and general trends on the market of logistics services indicate that the development potential of logistics services providers is not in the possesion of resources but in their sharing. This enforces the necessity to revise business models and approach to resource issues and limit investment plans. An opportunity for development and, hence, success, will have those logistics services providers who will take action towards cooperation, outsourcing and business partnership. The article presents the concept of sharing and the possibility of its implementation by logistics services providers and the attempt to answer whether business models of logistics service providers will be created around logistics processes that take into account the sharing economy.

The purpose of the article is to present the most important threats to national security caused by road transport of selected hazardous materials. The paper deals with the issues of classification of dangerous materials and means of transport used for this purpose as well as legal acts in force. The State Fire Service's tasks and activities during road accidents involving dangerous goods has been illustrated. On the basis of the statistical data analysis, reports and legal acts, a causal analysis of accidents involving hazardous materials in Poland was made (KiM system).

The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the activity of one of the first bike-sharing system in Poland. The article describes the development of Wrocław City Bike (WRM) over the eight years of its existence. In the article were presented data on the number of stations and bikes available for rental in each of the spring and summer seasons in which it was possible to use city bikes. The description has been supplemented with an analysis of the functionality of the system based on a survey at the end of the last season. The purpose of the conducted surveys was also to collect user opinions on the functioning of WRM and its evaluation. The research was also supplemented with analyzes developed on the basis of the results of accompanying observations, which allowed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the city bike-sharing system. The conclusions presented can be the basis for determining the conditions for the functioning of such systems in the future, both in Wrocław and in other cities

The aim of the paper is to identify the factors shaping the strategies of supply chains in the largest Polish clothing companies. The author presented the results of own research. The strategies of supply chains, their similarities and differences and factors affecting the individual elements of these strategies were identified. The research results show, that factors, that impact significantly on the choice of supply chain strategy in the clothing industry are: a competitive strategy of a company, that is a leader in the supply chain and its size, the characteristics of demand and the type of clothing.