Material Economy and Logistics 6/2020

The issue of the economic efficiency of any business entity has extensive literature and equally frequent discussions and polemics. The main axis of the dispute is how to measure this efficiency, and specifically the field of reception of its measures. The evolution of views goes from simple financial approaches, by including qualitative events into measurement, to multidimensional approaches with the ambition to comprehensively capture the efficiency. The emergence of supply chains and their increasingly important role in shaping the competitiveness of the companies participating in them has revealed a weakly perceived problem, namely the relationship between the effectiveness of the enterprise and the effectiveness of the chain as a whole. The analysis and assessment of the significance of these relationships is the subject of this study. The research goal is to identify and interpret the basic criteria underlying the management of a single enterprise in confrontation with such criteria related to the supply chain in which the enterprise participates. On this basis, practical conclusions and directives will be formulated. The research method used is deduction based on literature studies and observation of business practice.

As a result of the reasoning, it was found that for enterprises the best criterion for assessing efficiency is their profitability. However, for the supply chain as a whole, the measure of effectiveness should be an assessment of its competitiveness. The company is managed in terms of the maximization of EVA and MVA ratios. The supply chain, instead, is managed with a view to building its competitiveness. There is a positive correlation between these criteria. The more competitive the supply chain as a whole, the greater the possibilities for individual enterprises to maximize their efficiency.

The article describes C-ITS solutions that were included in the analyzes carried out for the purposes of the RID 4D project, entitled "Impact of the use of Intelligent Transport Systems services on the level of road safety" implemented at the request of the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways and the National Center for Research and Development (contract no. DZP/RID-I41/7/NCBR/2016).

C-ITS solutions are the next stage in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems. Data from these systems can be used as part of the so-called Local Dynamic Maps, which are a tool combining static information about roads, road and roadside infrastructure with dynamic road information. The dynamic data range includes information sent to vehicles, including about road incidents or emergency braking, and their use can contribute to increasing road safety. In addition, increasing the amount of data available will enable more accurate response to threats by driver assistance systems in emergency situations, including systems used in autonomous vehicles.

The article also describes the possibility of supporting the development of electromobility by ITS solutions, mainly due to more efficient information to drivers about the possibility of charging a car traction battery and the use of intelligent outdoor locations, taking into account the battery level, as well as the location and availability of charging points.

of the industry in an economy. Indicators of steel intensity are used at the level of an economy or particular industry sectors. The choice of indicators is therefore conditioned by the spatial scope of the analysis: macroeconomic or mesoeconomic approach. This paper presents the level of steel intensity of the Polish economy and particular sectors of the industry. The analysis shows the differentiation of the analyzed steel intensity by using particular indicators in an economy and industry sectors. Obtained ranges of the analysis were compared with the level of steel intensity in the EU and in the world. The analysis extends the knowledge of steel consumption in the economy and industry.

In this article the author raises the issue related to the multidimensional analysis and its evaluation of data concerning the price of one square meter of a flat in Poland. The research was conducted in three stages. During the first stage, the analysis and evaluation of original time series were done in relation to the price of one square meter of living space in Poland dynamically. During the second and third stage of the multidimensional analysis, the grouping of data was done. The grouping variable comprised years, quarters and on the basis of them the analysis and its evaluation were conducted. The conducted evaluation of multidimensional analysis is a premise for the choice of forecasting method for the future.

Telematics solutions allow to improve financial results and significantly increase the efficiency of transport companies. These benefits come from many factors, such as improving driving safety, monitoring the driver's route or reducing fuel costs. Thanks to the variety of telematics devices, companies can choose from a wide range of solutions tailored to their needs. Unfortunately, in many transport companies the knowledge of telematics is very low, which in turn translates into unfavorable financial results. The aim of the article is to show the impact of telematics solutions on the improvement of financial results of enterprises. In addition, it is to verify the knowledge of transport company employees about telematics tools and propose specific actions that transport companies should take to ensure proper functioning of the transport system. To verify the objective, the following research tools were used: comparisons, generalizations and a survey conducted among the employees of transport companies. In addition, direct interviews were conducted with the transport company management.