Material Economy and Logistics 03/2022

It is extremely important to accumulate international experience, including in the field of logistics support for troops. Recent experiences related to this arose in connection with the participation of Polish Military Contingents in operations outside the country, differentiated by their nature, duration, and external conditions for the operation of separate military units. The article consists of three parts. The first one presents a general description of contemporary operations carried out abroad. The second describes the characteristic features of the national support element operating within the logistic support system of the Polish Military Contingent (PMC). Consequently, the last, third part contains content relating to the possibilities of improving the functioning of NSE, which were formulated on the basis of the latest results of empirical scientific research. The main aim of the article is to present conclusions on this issue.

Preparing a modern logistics manager to carry out tasks in military and civil logistics systems is a complicated process, requiring constant adaptation to dynamically changing economic, and technological conditions. This applies in particular to the education of military logisticians, who are primarily required to be prepared to manage the logistic support of troops, and at the same time they should be familiar with the management processes of military-civilian supply chains that supply troops, e.g. in multinational operations. The aim of the publication is to identify factors that negatively affect the training of logistic staff, in particular logistics managers, for the needs of the armed forces.

The modern packaging market is one of the largest and most developing industries on a global scale. Packaging is a very important element of the product itself, it plays a significant role in the efficient flow of goods. The logistic functions fulfilled by the packaging guarantee an optimal and harmonious flow of materials through each link of the supply chain.

Packaging generates a huge amount of waste, which deteriorates the condition of the natural environment. Waste accompanies all phases of the supply chain, from the acquisition of raw materials, through production, distribution and sale, and consumption, to the disposal of used packaging. Proper packaging management, the process of recycling, disposal, transport, storage, and segregation have a huge impact on the environment. Nowadays, the customer places great emphasis on environmentally-friendly production, products that have been produced in an "ecological" production process increase sales and have greater value for the customer, and thus the customer is able to pay more for a given product. This type of approach forces the production company to take into account the ecological aspect when designing packaging. It consists in a detailed analysis of the entire life cycle of the packaging, from the moment of purchasing raw materials to the end of the product's life.

Including the topic of ecology in the area of logistics emphasizes the interdependence of logistics and the natural environment. The concept of a green supply chain, which in fact is difficult to achieve, is based on the assumption of "zero waste". For this purpose, when designing products, it is assumed the maximum use of materials and the possibility of their re-use by recycling, giving the products a "second life".

The aim of the article is to present the evolution of packaging ecology and the impact of consumer requirements on their development.

The article discusses control in detecting the phenomenon of crime, which is used in international trade in goods. Checks are made, i.a. by officers of the National Revenue Administration, entrepreneurs and insurance companies. Data on the crimes committed were presented, widely described in reports, e.g. TAPA, IMPACT, TT Club and BSI, and in the report on the enforcement of intellectual property rights in the European Union by customs authorities in 2019. Statistical data included in the monitoring of the external border of the European Union was discussed. the number of detained by KAS: cigarettes, fuel, alcohol, the number of penal and fiscal proceedings and the amounts from issued fines. The aim of the article is to formulate recommendations on this basis to improve safety in international trade in goods.

The article present the results of analyses of the socioeconomic consequences of road traffic accidents in the world. Victims injured in road accidents and the associated social costs are one of the negative effects of our transport mobility. The WHO predicts that by 2030 road accidents may be even 5th in the world as a cause of excess mortality. Most often, people of productive age, aged 15 to 44, are killed in accidents. The article presents general statistics on personal losses due to road accidents and the corresponding economic consequences. The article answers the question of what determines the value of the economic costs of road accidents and what is their significance for society. Moreover, the article highlights the problem of social inequalities caused by higher costs of road accidents in lower income countries. The article presents some of the results of the research conducted by the author since 2011 on the economic consequences of road accidents in the world.

The article presents the latest changes and trends in key logistics processes resulting from the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. When carrying out the analyses and describing the above changes, efforts were made to primarily take into account the security aspects of selected logistics processes, understanding this security as the possibility of their effective implementation. The research was carried out on the basis of available scientific and media reports and reports, as well as based on own observation through personal contact with selected logistics companies. Thus, the main goal of the article is an attempt to systematize and interpret the changes affecting the security of logistics processes during the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The article refers to dilemmas related to distance learning at the War Studies University from the perspective of parttime 2nd year logistics students. Introduction consists of a briefly described COVID-19 pandemic situation progressively continued by the authors' preliminary examination supplemented by expert interview based on participation of 5 academic students. The final part includes conclusions. The authors take notice that the paper is an introduction to further research referring to pandemic influence on the quality of distance learning.