The institution of compulsory squeeze outs raises controversies both in the case of non-public companies and for public companies. The existing legislation allowed such a solution only for joint stock companies. The introduction of provisions related to group of companies allowed the possibility of squeezing out minority shareholders also in the case of a limited liability participating in a group of companies. This article discusses the squeeze out procedure in a limited liability company participating in a group of companies. It focuses on the elements specific to this process in relation to a limited liability company.

This article discusses the role of European regulations on combating market abuse. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the European market abuse regulations are secondary to insider trading regulations. Despite the title of the regulation, European law focuses primarily on ensuring equal access to inside information for investors. This is achieved through the obligation to disclose inside information. Consequently, market abuse regulations are secondary in nature and serve to protect the proper performance of issuers' obligations and ensure equality of parties to transactions. A separate issue is market manipulation, which is loosely related to the main subject of the MAR Regulation.