The aim of this article is to identify selected determinants of abuse of unemployment benefits in Poland. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative research, the authors diagnose the attitudes of adult Poles towards benefit abuse, with a particular focus on the extent and reasons for justifying various forms of noncompliance. The research results and their conclusions are presented in an interdisciplinary theoretical context with reference to, among others, the welfare abuse determinants model and Cressey's fraud triangle.