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Dr Anna Reda-Ciszewska
ORCID: 0000-0001-8727-2399

PhD (Law), assistant professor at the Department of Labour Law at Faculty of Law and Administration of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, specialist in labour law, author of several scientific publications.

 
DOI: 10.33226/0032-6186.2024.11.5
JEL: K31

Employment in public administration involves special legal requirements established by labor law for employment in public administration offices. Recently, there has been a growing trend of adorning the body through tattooing and piercing. However, it is worth noting the issue of employment of people, who have body modifications and work in the public administration sector. Employment regulations for civil servants do not explicitly provide for restrictions and prohibitions on the employment of employees with body modifications. Instead, they provide for certain legal requirements that may restrict the employment of employees with visible body modifications. In public administration, there is a requirement of good repute or a duty of dignified behavior, which may affect the exclusion of employment of persons with non-standard body modifications (tattoo or facial piercing). The employer may also introduce restrictions, related to the external appearance of the employee's appearance in intra-company regulations. The theme of prohibition of discrimination against employees with body modifications arises in this regard. The paper will take up the legal aspects of the employment of an employee, in government offices, introducing body modification. 

Keywords: body modifications; public administration office; contract of employment
DOI: 10.33226/0032-6186.2024.4.2
JEL: K31

The article deals with the topic of company-level sources of labor law on the rules of remote work. Provisions on remote work were included in the Labor Code, replacing telework. The text analyses the issue of the agreement concluded by the employer with the trade union and the introduction of regulations on remote work. In this context, the introduction of remote working on the basis of an agreement concluded individually with the employee may be questionable.

Keywords: remote work; collective agreement; trade unions
DOI: 10.33226/0032-6186.2021.11.2
JEL: K31

This article present status of a temporary agency employee in Polish law in relation to maternity. Temporary agency work is classified as one of the atypical forms of employment which are characterized by a lower standard of employee protection. In principle, a temporary agency worker is subject to the same protective standards as those applicable to employees employed on the basis of a fixed-term contract without the participation of an employment agency. However, some differences can be found in the scope of extending the fixed-term contract of employment until the day of childbirth (Article 177 para. 3 of the Labour Code). This rule applies to female employees who were employed on the basis of a fixedterm contract of employment, which would be terminated after the third month of pregnancy. In Poland, however, this rule did not apply to temporary agency workers until 1 June 2017, when the legislaturę also protected temporary agency workers who have a total of at least 2 months of assignment to perform temporary agency work by a given temporary employment agency on the basis of an employment contract. The Polish legislator decided to introduce protection for pregnant temporary agency workers, as the previous solutions were contradictory to the EU directive on temporary agency work. The current solution is criticized because, as it is pointed out, it is in conflict with the purpose of temporary agency work, which is assumed to be flexible and short-term employment.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest status pracownicy tymczasowej w związku z macierzyństwem. Praca tymczasowa jest zaliczana do nietypowych form zatrudnienia, które charakteryzuje niższy standard ochrony pracownika. W zasadzie pracownica tymczasowa podlega tym samym normom ochronnym, które obowiązują w przypadku pracowników zatrudnianych bez udziału agencji zatrudnienia na podstawie umów terminowych. Chodzi głównie o zakaz wypowiedzenia umowy o pracę w czasie ciąży i macierzyństwa, a także prawo do urlopu macierzyńskiego. Warto jednak zwrócić uwagę, że praca tymczasowa nie gwarantuje w pełni ochrony macierzyństwa. Pewne odrębności można odnaleźć w zakresie przedłużenia terminowej umowy o pracę do dnia porodu (art. 177 § 3 k.p.). Ta zasada obejmuje pracownice, które zostały zatrudnione na podstawie terminowych umów o pracę, które to umowy uległyby rozwiązaniu po upływie trzeciego miesiąca ciąży. W Polsce zasada ta nie miała jednak zastosowania do pracownic tymczasowych do 1 czerwca 2017 r., kiedy to ustawodawca również objął ochroną pracownice tymczasowe, które mają łączny co najmniej 2-miesięczny okres skierowania do wykonywania pracy tymczasowej przez daną agencję pracy tymczasowej na podstawie umowy o pracę. Ustawodawca polski postanowił wprowadzić ochronę pracownicy tymczasowej w ciąży, ponieważ dotychczasowe rozwiązania były sprzeczne z uregulowaniem unijnej dyrektywy w zakresie pracy tymczasowej. Obecne rozwiązanie jest jednak krytykowane, ponieważ — jak się wskazuje — jest sprzeczne z celem pracy tymczasowej, która z założenia ma być zatrudnieniem elastycznym i krótkotrwałym.

Keywords: temporary agency work; maternity; fixed-term contract
DOI: 10.33226/0032-6186.2020.2.5
JEL: K31 (artykuł w języku angielskim)

The article deals with the issue of exceeding the maximum duration of temporary agency work. The text analyses the Polish Supreme Court's jurisprudence with regard to the purpose of Article 20 of the Act of 9 July 2003 on the Employment of Temporary Agency Workers and the implicit establishment of an employment relationship between the user employer and a temporary agency worker in the context of the model of temporary agency work that is in force in Poland.

Keywords: temporary work; temporary worker; temporary work agency; user employer