The issue of loans has gained importance in Poland in recent years, due to the significant and measurable impact of loans and on the financial sector of the country. Despite this, the matter of the characteristics of the statute of limitations period for loan instalments as a result of termination of the loan agreement by the lender has not been specified in detail in the literature so far, nor the differences in judgments that occurred in this respect, have not been discussed more broadly. In relation to the discussed issues, over recent years, courts have developed three separate approaches, the adoption of which led to different legal consequences. Such situation was certainly not favourable for the broadly understood legal trade and its participants (including, in particular, borrowers). These discrepancies were largely related to the inconsistent interpretation of Article 120 § 1 of the Polish Civil Code by courts jurisdictions, which resulted in the existence of different due dates and thus different lengths of limitation periods for individual instalments of loans granted, despite the similarity of the analysed factual states. This work aims to present each of the indicated approaches of judgments, as well as to refer to and provide opinion on the recent resolution of the Polish Supreme Court of 10 May 2023, ref. no. file: III CZP 52/22 issued due to discrepancies in judgments. This work also contains an overview of the issue of chargeability and interpretation of Article 120 of the Civil Code, which are inextricably related to the issues discussed. It should also be noted that the conclusion in question may be of great importance to the parties of loan agreements.