The aim of the article is to use the Data Envelopment Analysis method to determine the efficiency of the road freight transport sectors in EU countries. The DEA method is a multidimensional efficiency tool that allows researchers to compare multiple effects with multiple inputs. As part of the research, the DEA model aimed at maximizing the effects was calculated. The outputs included: turnover of the road transport sector and payload-distance (tonne-kilometers), while the inputs included: employment; length of road network; energy consumption; registered trucks. Research results show that 10 out of 28 analyzed transport sectors in the EU were efficient. For ineffective sectors, based on the concept of benchmarking, changes in the level of effects have been proposed.