The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the COVID-19 pandemic can contribute to the reform of the financial law in the field of fiscal rules that should be modified, and if so, in what direction should their reform go so that they can more effectively counteract excessive public debt in situations of sudden and unexpected economic downturns. The study adopts the thesis that the fiscal rules during the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed their effectiveness because they allowed for a quick response to the economic and financial effects of the pandemic, despite the fact that they did not counteract a significant increase in public debt in relation to GDP in all EU countries (in 2020). However, this was due to the pandemic-related sudden slump in the global economy, and not to the failure of fiscal rules. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed the need to reform the financial law to improve the structure of fiscal rules in order to increase their effectiveness. The study indicates the directions of this reform, both in relation to supranational (EU) and national fiscal rules.

The aim of the study is to analyze whether financial services are subject to McDonaldization, and if so, what their features indicate, and what the consequences of this proces may be for financial market participants (i.e. consumers and various entities offering financial services). In order to analyze this issue, first, McDonaldization itself and its determinants were briefly characterized. Then, they were compared to the features of selected, exemplary financial services. This will show how the specific features of certain financial services demonstrate their McDonaldization, as well as how McDonaldization in their case may affect financial market participants.

The aim of the paper it to analyze the issues connectedwith the intergenerational justice and the states of financial balance. One of the important elements which decidingabout states' tasks is the balance of the financial sector. The principle of acquired rights protection guarantees the specified level of the retirement. On the other hand, in practice, because of the demographic, economic and financial factors, the troubles may appear in paying retirements in original amount. It may lead to the change of the previous methods of calculating it.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the judicial decisions of
the Court of Justice of the European Union and the
Polish national courts concerning pyramid promotional
schemes. In the paper the construction of these schemes
in the light of the Polish and UE legal regulations were
described. Moreover, the chosen proceedings and
decisions of the Polish antirust authority (the President of
the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection)
regarding this issue were also analyzed. In the paper the
influence of these decisions on the Polish consumer
protection law was shown.